DHEA: What It Is, What the Research Shows, and Why Athletes Should Be Careful
Key Takeaways: DHEA Introduction: DHEA DHEA has been widely promoted as an anti-aging supplement.[1] The logic sounds simple: levels fall…
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Hypothyroidism: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and What It Means for Athletes
Key Takeaways: Hypothyroidism Introduction: Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism, a deficiency of thyroid hormone, is a common condition worldwide [1]. Thyroid hormones act…
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TSH Blood Test: What It Measures, How to Read Your Results, and What It Means for Athletes
Key Takeaways: TSH Blood Test Introduction: Why the TSH Blood Test Comes First When thyroid disease is on the list…
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How to Lower Cortisol: What the Evidence Shows and What It Means for Athletes
Key Takeaways: How to Lower Cortisol Introduction: How to Lower Cortisol Without Fighting Your Own Physiology Cortisol has become one…
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What Is Cortisol? Stress, Training, Immunity and What It Means for Athletes
Key Takeaways: What Is Cortisol Introduction: What Is Cortisol and Why Is It So Misunderstood? Few hormones have a worse…
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TSH Normal Range: What the Numbers Mean and What It Means for Athletes
Key Takeaways: TSH Normal Range Introduction: What Is the TSH Normal Range? TSH is one of the blood tests I…
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Graves’ Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and What It Means for Athletes
Key Takeaways: Graves’ Disease Introduction: Graves’ Disease Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, and roughly 3% of…
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Insulin Sensitivity After Exercise: What the Post-Workout Insulin Curve Actually Shows
Key Takeaways: Insulin Sensitivity After Exercise Introduction: Insulin Sensitivity After Exercise It is fairly common knowledge that eating carbohydrate after…
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Ghrelin in Athletes: What the “Hunger Hormone” Actually Does to Training, Appetite, and Recovery
Key Takeaways: Ghrelin in Athletes Introduction: Ghrelin in Athletes After an all-out 6,000-meter rowing ergometer test, elite male rowers showed…
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Leptin in Athletes: What the “Fat Hormone” Reveals About Energy Availability and Neuroendocrine Function
Key Takeaways: Leptin in Athletes Introduction: Leptin in Athletes Leptin is not part of routine blood testing for most athletes,…
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Hormonal Contraceptives and Training: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Key Takeaways: Hormonal Contraceptives and Training Introduction: Hormonal Contraceptives and Training Roughly 40–51% of female athletes use hormonal contraceptives, most…
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Menstrual Cycle Strength Variations: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Key Takeaways: Menstrual Cycle Strength Variations Introduction: Menstrual Cycle Strength Variations Many female athletes already know that their bodies do…
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Progesterone and Injury Risk: What the Hormonal Cycle Really Means for Female Athletes’ Ligaments
Key Takeaways: Progesterone and Injury Risk Introduction: Progesterone and Injury Risk Female athletes suffer ACL tears at rates reported to…
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Menopause in Female Athletes: What the Science Says About Performance, Physiology, and Training Adaptation
Key Takeaways: Menopause in Female Athletes Introduction: Menopause in Female Athletes There is a moment that many female athletes describe…
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Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Female Athletes: What Coaches and Clinicians Need to Recognize
Key Takeaways: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Female Athletes Introduction: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Female Athletes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is one of…
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Low TSH in Athletes: Understanding Lower-Normal Values in Endurance Sports
Key Takeaways: Low TSH in Athletes Introduction: Why Low TSH in Athletes Is Misread Thyroid panels in athletes can sometimes…
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IGF-1 in Athletes: What Your Blood Test Is Really Telling You
Key Takeaways: IGF-1 in Athletes Introduction: IGF-1 in Athletes IGF-1 — insulin-like growth factor-1 — is a clinically measurable hormone…
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TSH in Athletes: Why Low-Normal Values Don’t Mean What Your Lab Report Says
Key Takeaways: TSH in Athletes • A low-normal TSH in athletes does not automatically indicate thyroid disease; in some well-trained…
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SHBG in Athletes: What Your Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Results Actually Mean
Key Takeaways: SHBG in Athletes • SHBG matters because total testosterone alone does not always reflect biologically available testosterone. A…
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Free T3 in Athletes: What Triiodothyronine Really Tells You About Your Training State
Key Takeaways: Free T3 in Athletes • Free T3 is the biologically active thyroid hormone, and in athletes it can…
